Quelles ressources pour le sujet vieillissant? les ontologies, une perspective pour la conception et l'évaluation des aides capacitantes

This thesis focuses on the design and the evaluation of the assistive technological solutions dedicated to the aging people. It is based on a framework which proposes a developmental approach of the aging subject. Our research is composed of three main objectives. The first objective is to improve the knowledge of the aging people (with or without cognitive impairments) problems of activity limitations and participation restrictions in society. The second objective is to preserve (or to develop) the empowerment of the persons with and without cognitive impairment, during the daily activities. Finally, the third objective is to enrich the subject model considered in the design. In this research, the design challenge exceeds the compensation and the slowing down of the individual state deterioration. It aims to preserve the residual individual capabilities and to propose the resources for an adequate fallback and the individual capabilities and empowerment development. Our work is based on a multidisciplinary, participatory and user centered design approach. We use ergonomics knowledge to improve the human-machines interactions, psychological knowledge to analyze acceptability and appropriation of the technical assistive devices, and technical knowledge to develop assistive technologies

Lunapark deficiency leads to an autosomal recessive neurodevelopmental phenotype with a degenerative course, epilepsy and distinct brain anomalies

LNPK encodes a conserved membrane protein that stabilizes the junctions of the tubular endoplasmic reticulum network playing crucial roles in diverse biological functions. Recently, homozygous variants in LNPK were shown to cause a neurodevelopmental disorder (OMIM#618090) in four patients displaying developmental delay, epilepsy and nonspecific brain malformations including corpus callosum hypoplasia and variable impairment of cerebellum. We sought to delineate the molecular and phenotypic spectrum of LNPK-related disorder. Exome or genome sequencing was carried out in 11 families. Thorough clinical and neuroradiological evaluation was performed for all the affected individuals, including review of previously reported patients. We identified 12 distinct homozygous loss-of-function variants in 16 individuals presenting with moderate to profound developmental delay, cognitive impairment, regression, refractory epilepsy and a recognizable neuroimaging pattern consisting of corpus callosum hypoplasia and signal alterations of the forceps minor ('ear-of-the-lynx' sign), variably associated with substantia nigra signal alterations, mild brain atrophy, short midbrain and cerebellar hypoplasia/atrophy. In summary, we define the core phenotype of LNPK-related disorder and expand the list of neurological disorders presenting with the 'ear-of-the-lynx' sign suggesting a possible common underlying mechanism related to endoplasmic reticulum-phagy dysfunction

Perceived risk of infection and death from COVID-19 among community members of low- and middle-income countries: A cross-sectional study [version 1; peer review: awaiting peer review]

Background: Risk perceptions of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are considered important as they impact community health behaviors. The aim of this study was to determine the perceived risk of infection and death due to COVID-19 and to assess the factors associated with such risk perceptions among community members in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) in Africa, Asia, and South America. Methods: An online cross-sectional study was conducted in 10 LMICs in Africa, Asia, and South America from February to May 2021. A questionnaire was utilized to assess the perceived risk of infection and death from COVID-19 and its plausible determinants. A logistic regression model was used to identify the factors associated with such risk perceptions. Results: A total of 1,646 responses were included in the analysis of the perceived risk of becoming infected and dying from COVID-19. Our data suggested that 36.4% of participants had a high perceived risk of COVID-19 infection, while only 22.4% had a perceived risk of dying from COVID-19. Being a woman, working in healthcare-related sectors, contracting pulmonary disease, knowing people in the immediate social environment who are or have been infected with COVID-19, as well as seeing or reading about individuals infected with COVID-19 on social media or TV were all associated with a higher perceived risk of becoming infected with COVID-19. In addition, being a woman, elderly, having heart disease and pulmonary disease, knowing people in the immediate social environment who are or have been infected with COVID-19, and seeing or reading about individuals infected with COVID-19 on social media or TV had a higher perceived risk of dying from COVID-19. Conclusions: The perceived risk of infection and death due to COVID-19 are relatively low among respondents; this suggests the need to conduct health campaigns to disseminate knowledge and information on the ongoing pandemic

Minimal information for studies of extracellular vesicles 2018 (MISEV2018):a position statement of the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles and update of the MISEV2014 guidelines

The last decade has seen a sharp increase in the number of scientific publications describing physiological and pathological functions of extracellular vesicles (EVs), a collective term covering various subtypes of cell-released, membranous structures, called exosomes, microvesicles, microparticles, ectosomes, oncosomes, apoptotic bodies, and many other names. However, specific issues arise when working with these entities, whose size and amount often make them difficult to obtain as relatively pure preparations, and to characterize properly. The International Society for Extracellular Vesicles (ISEV) proposed Minimal Information for Studies of Extracellular Vesicles (“MISEV”) guidelines for the field in 2014. We now update these “MISEV2014” guidelines based on evolution of the collective knowledge in the last four years. An important point to consider is that ascribing a specific function to EVs in general, or to subtypes of EVs, requires reporting of specific information beyond mere description of function in a crude, potentially contaminated, and heterogeneous preparation. For example, claims that exosomes are endowed with exquisite and specific activities remain difficult to support experimentally, given our still limited knowledge of their specific molecular machineries of biogenesis and release, as compared with other biophysically similar EVs. The MISEV2018 guidelines include tables and outlines of suggested protocols and steps to follow to document specific EV-associated functional activities. Finally, a checklist is provided with summaries of key points

Global, regional, and national progress towards Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 for neonatal and child health: all-cause and cause-specific mortality findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Background Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 has targeted elimination of preventable child mortality, reduction of neonatal death to less than 12 per 1000 livebirths, and reduction of death of children younger than 5 years to less than 25 per 1000 livebirths, for each country by 2030. To understand current rates, recent trends, and potential trajectories of child mortality for the next decade, we present the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 findings for all-cause mortality and cause-specific mortality in children younger than 5 years of age, with multiple scenarios for child mortality in 2030 that include the consideration of potential effects of COVID-19, and a novel framework for quantifying optimal child survival. Methods We completed all-cause mortality and cause-specific mortality analyses from 204 countries and territories for detailed age groups separately, with aggregated mortality probabilities per 1000 livebirths computed for neonatal mortality rate (NMR) and under-5 mortality rate (USMR). Scenarios for 2030 represent different potential trajectories, notably including potential effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and the potential impact of improvements preferentially targeting neonatal survival. Optimal child survival metrics were developed by age, sex, and cause of death across all GBD location-years. The first metric is a global optimum and is based on the lowest observed mortality, and the second is a survival potential frontier that is based on stochastic frontier analysis of observed mortality and Healthcare Access and Quality Index. Findings Global U5MR decreased from 71.2 deaths per 1000 livebirths (95% uncertainty interval WI] 68.3-74-0) in 2000 to 37.1 (33.2-41.7) in 2019 while global NMR correspondingly declined more slowly from 28.0 deaths per 1000 live births (26.8-29-5) in 2000 to 17.9 (16.3-19-8) in 2019. In 2019,136 (67%) of 204 countries had a USMR at or below the SDG 3.2 threshold and 133 (65%) had an NMR at or below the SDG 3.2 threshold, and the reference scenario suggests that by 2030,154 (75%) of all countries could meet the U5MR targets, and 139 (68%) could meet the NMR targets. Deaths of children younger than 5 years totalled 9.65 million (95% UI 9.05-10.30) in 2000 and 5.05 million (4.27-6.02) in 2019, with the neonatal fraction of these deaths increasing from 39% (3.76 million 95% UI 3.53-4.021) in 2000 to 48% (2.42 million; 2.06-2.86) in 2019. NMR and U5MR were generally higher in males than in females, although there was no statistically significant difference at the global level. Neonatal disorders remained the leading cause of death in children younger than 5 years in 2019, followed by lower respiratory infections, diarrhoeal diseases, congenital birth defects, and malaria. The global optimum analysis suggests NMR could be reduced to as low as 0.80 (95% UI 0.71-0.86) deaths per 1000 livebirths and U5MR to 1.44 (95% UI 1-27-1.58) deaths per 1000 livebirths, and in 2019, there were as many as 1.87 million (95% UI 1-35-2.58; 37% 95% UI 32-43]) of 5.05 million more deaths of children younger than 5 years than the survival potential frontier. Interpretation Global child mortality declined by almost half between 2000 and 2019, but progress remains slower in neonates and 65 (32%) of 204 countries, mostly in sub-Saharan Africa and south Asia, are not on track to meet either SDG 3.2 target by 2030. Focused improvements in perinatal and newborn care, continued and expanded delivery of essential interventions such as vaccination and infection prevention, an enhanced focus on equity, continued focus on poverty reduction and education, and investment in strengthening health systems across the development spectrum have the potential to substantially improve USMR. Given the widespread effects of COVID-19, considerable effort will be required to maintain and accelerate progress. Copyright (C) 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd

Quelles ressources pour le sujet vieillissant? les ontologies, une perspective pour la conception et l'évaluation des aides capacitantes

This thesis focuses on the design and the evaluation of the assistive technological solutions dedicated to the aging people. It is based on a framework which proposes a developmental approach of the aging subject. Our research is composed of three main objectives. The first objective is to improve the knowledge of the aging people (with or without cognitive impairments) problems of activity limitations and participation restrictions in society. The second objective is to preserve (or to develop) the empowerment of the persons with and without cognitive impairment, during the daily activities. Finally, the third objective is to enrich the subject model considered in the design. In this research, the design challenge exceeds the compensation and the slowing down of the individual state deterioration. It aims to preserve the residual individual capabilities and to propose the resources for an adequate fallback and the individual capabilities and empowerment development. Our work is based on a multidisciplinary, participatory and user centered design approach. We use ergonomics knowledge to improve the human-machines interactions, psychological knowledge to analyze acceptability and appropriation of the technical assistive devices, and technical knowledge to develop assistive technologies

Quelles ressources pour le sujet viellissant ? (les ontologies, une perspective pour la conception et l'évaluation des aides capacitantes)

Cette thèse porte sur la conception et l'évaluation de solutions technologiques d'assistance aux personnes vieillissantes. Nous abordons le sujet vieillissant selon une perspective développementale en tant que sujet capable, doté de capacités et de pouvoirs d'agir. Notre travail vise trois objectifs principaux. Le premier objectif est de contribuer à la connaissance des problèmes de limitations d'activités et de restrictions de participation à la société rencontrés par les personnes vieillissantes (avec ou sans troubles cognitifs). Le deuxième objectif consiste à préserver (voire à développer) la capacité et le pouvoir d'agir de ces personnes au cours des activités domiciliaires de la vie quotidienne. En_n, le troisième objectif vise à enrichir le modèle du sujet pris en compte dans la conception. Dans cette recherche, l'enjeu de la conception va au-delà de la compensation ou du ralentissement de la détérioration de l'état des personnes. Il vise la préservation des capacités résiduelles des personnes et la proposition de moyens permettant un repli dans le bon ordre et le développement de leurs capacités et pouvoirs d'agir. Notre travail se base sur une approche de conception centrée utilisateur, participative et pluridisciplinaire. Il fait appel à des connaissances issues de l'ergonomie pour favoriser l'interaction Personnes-Machines, de la psychologie pour analyser l'acceptabilité et l'appropriation des systèmes d'aides techniques, et des sciences de l'ingénieur pour développer les technologies d'assistance.This thesis focuses on the design and the evaluation of the assistive technological solutions dedicated to the aging people. It is based on a framework which proposes a developmental approach of the aging subject. Our research is composed of three main objectives. The first objective is to improve the knowledge of the aging people (with or without cognitive impairments) problems of activity limitations and participation restrictions in society. The second objective is to preserve (or to develop) the empowerment of the persons with and without cognitive impairment, during the daily activities. Finally, the third objective is to enrich the subject model considered in the design. In this research, the design challenge exceeds the compensation and the slowing down of the individual state deterioration. It aims to preserve the residual individual capabilities and to propose the resources for an adequate fallback and the individual capabilities and empowerment development. Our work is based on a multidisciplinary, participatory and user centered design approach. We use ergonomics knowledge to improve the human-machines interactions, psychological knowledge to analyze acceptability and appropriation of the technical assistive devices, and technical knowledge to develop assistive technologies.ST DENIS-BU PARIS8 (930662101) / SudocSudocFranceF

Evaluation of PhonAge: an adapted smartphone interface for elderly people

Abstract. Smartphones can play a significant role in maintaining decent Quality of Life for elderly people. Key factor to Smartphones usage success among elderly people depends on the accessibility of phone interface. In this paper, we present preliminary evaluation results of our PhonAge, an accessible and adaptable interface for Smartphones that is customized to the elderly profile. The results of the evaluation show adequacy of the interface to elderly needs. The evaluation feedbacks also helped in improving PhonAge interface design

Assistive housing : case study in a residence for elderly people

International audienceThe ageing of the population increased the needs of elderly people for assistance and care in specialized structures. They become increasingly dependent. Adequate environment have to be provided to fit with their special needs and constraints. This paper presents a case study of assistive housing in a residence for elderly people. The technical assistance like home automation, task reminder and personal assistant is provided in order to enhance the independence of elderly people. The paper focuses on the use of the TV as an interaction mean to use proposed services. The graphical interface deployed on the TV was evaluated by elderly people and resulting ergonomic recommendations. This research activity is ongoingon Pervasive Computing Technologies for Healthcare 2008. Tampere, January, Finland work within the Nuadu projec

Handicap, Technologies, Vieillissement, Inclusion: Colloque Jeunes Chercheuses, Jeunes Chercheurs (JCJC 2017)

National audienceLe colloque JCJC s’adresse aux doctorants et jeunes docteurs qui travaillent dans le domaine des technologies d’assistance aux personnes handicapées et vieillissantes et pour leur autonomie. Il peut aussi intéresser des étudiants en Master désireux de faire de la recherche dans ces domaines. Ce colloque constitue un important lieu d’échanges scientifiques pour les étudiants et jeunes chercheurs dans le champ des Aides Techniques